QUESTIONS BANK OF PATHOLOGY

QUESTIONS BANK OF PATHOLOGY

 

Full Questions

1. Define Hypersensitivity. Discuss various types of hypersensitivity reactions giving examples.
   
2. Discuss Etiology, Pathology and complications of Cirrhosis of Liver.
   
3. Define repair. Discuss various factors modifying the process of repair.
   
4. Define neoplasm. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of neoplasm
   
5. Enumerate the organism causing infective endocarditis. Describe the pathology and laboratory investigation of the same.
   
6. What are the serological reactions? Discuss the importance of serological reaction in diagnosis of various diseases.
   
7. Describe briefly aetiology, pathology and laboratory investigation of RHEUMATIC FEVER
   
8. Define NEPHROTIC SYNDROME. Discuss the pathogenesis, pathology and laboratory investigation of nephrotic syndrome
   
9. Enumerate Immune complex diseases with special reference to their pathogenic mechanism
   
10. Enumerate the causes of ulcerative lesions in the intestinal tract. Discuss the pathogenesis pathology and laboratory investigations of gastric carcinoma.
    
11. Define and differentiate an exudate and transudate. Describe the cellular response in acute Inflammation.
    
12. What is neoplasm? Describe the modes of spread of a tumour. What is the difference between benign and malignant tumours?
    
13. Nine years old child coming with history of fever, puffiness of face and Oedema feet.
    
14. Give possible differential diagnosis, with laboratory diagnosis and gross and microscopic appearance.
    
15. What is GRANULOMA? Name some granulomas. Describe the pathogenesis, the gross and microscopic features of any one of them.
    
16. What is thrombus? Discuss the mechanism of thrombus formation and its fate and sequelae. Mention its common varieties.
    
17. Enumerate the lesion in the diabetic Kidney and discuss the pathogenesis pathology and laboratory investigations of acute Pyelonephritis.
    
18. Define Oedema. Describe its mechanism of formation. Differentiate Nephritic Oedema and Nephrotic Oedema.
    
19. What is Glomerulonephritis? Discuss the pathogenesis, pathology and laboratory investigations.
    
20. Define Immunity. What are the various types of immune reactions and the diseases produced by them?
    
21. Define an embolus. What are different types of emboli and discuss the fate of any one embolus.
    
22. Define shock. Discuss the pathogenesis and its effects on various organs.
    
23. Define Infarction. Give an account of the pathogenesis of infarction with special reference of myocardial infarction.
    
24. What is pneumonia? Enumerate the different types and discuss the pathology of any one of them.
    
25. Define oedema. Describe the pathogenesis of oedema. Distinguish between a transudate and exudate.
    
26. Define Degeneration and Infiltration. Give a detail account of Amyloid degeneration.
    
27. Describe aetiology, pathology, and laboratory investigation of Rheumatic heart diseases.
    
28. Define Hyperemia. Describe the types and organ changes in chronic passive congestion.
    
29. Discuss the aetiology, pathology lesion and complication of atherosclerosis.
    
30. Define cirrhosis. Give the aetiopathogenesis of the lesion, the gross and microscopic features.
    
31. What is inflammation? Describe the pathology of an inflammatory response and its sequelae.
    
32. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis of cardiac and renal oedema.
    
33. Enumerate the common ulcers in the G.I.T. and discuss the pathology of the `PEPTIC ULCER'.
    
34. Discuss the mechanism of autoimmune diseases with examples.
    
35. Define Erosion and Ulcer. Discuss the pathogenesis, gross and microscopic appearance and laboratory investigation of ULCERATIVE COLITIS.
    
36. Define Fatty degeneration. Discuss the pathogenesis, gross and microscopic appearance of organs showing fatty degeneration.
    
37. What is Oedema? Discuss the pathogenesis of cardiac and renal oedema.
    

 

Short Notes

1. Zenkers Hyaline Degeneration
   
2. Amoebic Liver Abscess
   
3. Post Necrotic Cirrhosis
   
4. Tuberculosis Lymphadenitis
   
5. Amyloid Kidney
   
6. Special stains for amyloid
   
7. Aspiration cytology
   
8. Flea Bitten Kidney
   
9. Dermoid Cyst
   
10. Mucinous degeneration
    
11. Spread of tumours.
    
12. C.P.C. Lung.
    
13. Caseous necrosis.
    
14. Chemotaxis.
    
15. Fatty degeneration.
    
16. Osteogenic sarcoma.
    
17. Caseous necrosis.
    
18. Ulcers on tongue.
    
19. Hyperthyroidism.
    
20. Prostatitis.
    
21. Splenic Infarct
    
22. Chemical carcinogens
    
23. Serum Enzymes in myocardial infarction
    
24. Arthus phenomenon.
    
25. Syphilitic aortitis
    
26. Dystrophic calcification.
    
27. Aneurysm
    
28. Exfoliative Cytology
    
29. Obstructive Jaundice
    
30. Pyogenic Osteomyelitis
    
31. Lepromatous Leprosy
    
32. Cell mediated immunity
    
33. Macrophage
    
34. Tuberculoma
    
35. Fat Necrosis
    
36. T. B. Pyelonephritis
    
37. Gas gangrene
    
38. Leucoplakia
    
39. Pulmonary Embolism
    
40. Dysplasia
    
41. Lymphatic permeation
    
42. Frozen section
    
43. Atrophy
    
44. Carcinoma in situ
    
45. Giant cells tumour & bone
    
46. Pap Smear
    
47. Basal cell carcinoma
    
48. Pale infarct
    
49. Laboratory Diagnosis of Neoplasia.
    
50. Fine needle aspiration biopsy
    
51. Chemical mediator of Inflammation.
    
52. Laboratory Investigation of infertility
    
53. Laboratory investigations of infective hepatitis.
    
54. Rodent Ulcer.
    
55. Gross appearance of liver fatty degeneration.
    

 

MICROBIOLOGY & CLINICAL PATHOLOGY.

Full Questions

1. Enumerate the organisms causing food poisoning. Discuss the morphology cultural characteristic and pathogenesity of any one. Outline the laboratory diagnosis.
   
2. Enumerate the parasites seen in the peripheral blood smear. Write the morphology, pathogenesity and laboratory diagnosis of any one.
   
3. Describe the morphology, cultural characteristics, and antigenecity in staphylococci. Enumerate the lesion produced and the laboratory diagnosis.
   
4. What are spirochetes? Enumerate the Spirochetes you know. Describe the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis.
   
5. Enumerate the parasites infecting the central nervous system and discuss the life cycle and laboratory diagnosis of anyone.
   
6. Describe the life cycle, pathogenesity and laboratory diagnosis of infestation due to ascaris lumbricoides.
   
7. What is anaerobiasis? Describe the morphology, cultural characteristics, animal and human pathogenecity of any one anaerobic organism.
   
8. Classify Haemolytic anaemias. Discuss the pathogenesis of thalassaemias, and differentiate between iron deficiency and sideroblastic anaemia.
   
9. What is the difference between VIRUS, PROTOZOA, and BACTERIA? Discuss the life cycle of TAENIA SAGINATA and differentiate between T. Saginata and T. Solium.
   
10. Enumerate the PUS forming organisms. Discuss the morphology, cultural characteristics, and antigenecity pathogensis of any one of them.
    
11. Describe the morphology pathogenecity and laboratory investigation of infestation due to W. BANCROFTI.
    
12. Enumerate the extra intestinal parasites. Describe the life cycle of ankylostoma duodenale and differentiate it from nectar Americana.
    
13. Enumerate the Organisms causing diarrhoea. Describe the morphology, cultural characteristics, pathogenesis, and antigenic composition of any one of them.
    
14. Enumerate the cause of ulcerative lesions in intestinal tract. Discuss how you will differentiate the lesions with their gross and microscopic appearance.
    
15. Classify anaemias. Discuss the aetiopathogenesis of Haemolytic anaemias. Describe the blood picture of sickle cell anaemia.
    
16. Enumerate the extra intestinal parasites. Describe the life cycle of ankylostoma duodenale and differentiate it from nectar Americana.
    
17. Enumerate the Organisms causing meningitis. Describe the morphology, cultural characteristics, antigen composition, and pathogenesis of any one of them.
    
18. Classify Leukaemias. Describe the blood picture and bone marrow in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Differentiate between acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
    
19. Enumerate the organisms causing pneumonia. Describe morphology, cultural characteristics, antigenic composition and pathogenesity of any one of them.
    
20. What is Haemophilia? Classify, describe the pathogenesis and laboratory investigations of haemophilia.
    
21. Which parasites cause cystic lesions in humans? Describe Pathology and Laboratory diagnosis of Hydatid Cyst.
    
22. Define Leukaemia. Discuss acute blast cell Leukaemia.
    
23. What is symbiosis, definitive host, intermediate host? Discuss the pathogenesis and life cycle of E. Histolytica.
    
24. Describe the life cycle pathogenesity and laboratory diagnosis of infestation due to P. Vivax.
    
25. Describe the peripheral blood and bone marrow picture of acute myeloid leukaemia.
    
26. Describe the laboratory investigation to diagnose a case of Megaloblastic anaemia.
    
27. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
    
28. Define anaemia. Discuss nutritional anaemias.
    
29. Investigate a case of mis-matched blood transfusion.
    
30. Describe morphology cultural characteristics Pathogenecity and laboratory investigation of GONOCOCCI.
    
31. Enumerate the organism causing sexually transmitted diseases. Discuss the morphology, cultural characteristics, and pathology of Treponema Pallidium.
    
32. Define Haemolytic Anaemia. Discuss the difference with respect to presentation, pathology and laboratory diagnosis of thalassaemia iron deficiency anaemia and sideroblastic anaemia.
    
33. Discuss the preparation, sterilization and advantages of solid liquid and enriched media.
    
34. Enumerate and discuss the various reactions which occur during blood transfusion and mention the indication of blood transfusion.
    
35. Enumerate gram positive bacilli. Describe the Morphology, Cultural characters and laboratory diagnosis of C. diphtheriae.
    

 

Short Notes

1. Hazards of blood transfusions
   
2. A.I.D.S.
   
3. Virus causing human cancer
   
4. Ketonuria
   
5. Leukemoid reaction
   
6. Spores
   
7. Ova in stools
   
8. Parasites found in blood
   
9. Haematuria.
   
10. R A Factor
    
11. Exfoliative cytology
    
12. Significance of specific gravity of urine.
    
13. Atypical
    
14. Mycobacteria.
    
15. Bacteriod
    
16. L.F.T. in obstructive jaundice
    
17. Urine in acute pyelonephritis
    
18. T & B lymphocytes
    
19. C.S.F.in pyogenic meningitis.
    
20. Criteria in selection of a blood donor
    
21. Laboratory diagnosis of enteric fever
    
22. Laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency.
    
23. Spores.
    
24. Stool in acute amoebic dysentery.
    
25. Bacteriophage.
    
26. Widal test.
    
27. Endotoxin /Exotoxin.
    
28. Complement.
    
29. Laboratory diagnosis of hydatid cyst
    
30. Selective media
    
31. Pregnancy Test
    
32. Sterilisation by dry heat
    
33. Laboratory diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.
    
34. Multiple Myeloma.
    
35. Bacteriophage.
    
36. Ovarian function test.
    
37. Bone Marrow
    
38. Hypersplenism.
    
39. V.D.R.L.
    
40. Protienuria
    
41. Laboratory diagnosis of acute diarrhoea
    
42. Foetal Hb
    
43. Laboratory diagnosis of P. U. O.
    
44. Mantoux Test
    
45. Serological tests for syphilis
    
46. Haemophilia.
    
47. Antigen
    
48. Thyroid function test
    
49. Laboratory investigation of Diabetes-Mellitus
    
50. Hospital Infection
    
51. Flagella
    
52. Glucose Sterilization
    
53. Metachromatic stains
    
54. Thrombocytopenia
    
55. Bacterial toxins